There could be multiple reasons, for example missing host permission for injecting your content script into the page, see also:
Also, make sure you looking at the correct console, some logs will appear only in specific console windows:
There has also been issues where uncaught exception would not show any error in the “correct” console, but I think these have been fixed. But if you want to be sure, try to wrap your content script into “try/catch” block.