New Feature? AMO recognizes status of extension in my Firefox

For example, the “Install” button changes to “Remove” for

https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/noscript/

which is Enabled, and to “Enable” for

https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/open-link-with-new-tab/

which is Disabled.

I knew that installed add-on information was sent when using the “Get Add-ons” panel of the Add-ons page (discovery.addons.mozilla.org), but this seems like a new behavior.

Is it locked down to AMO only?

Yes, this uses the same API as the discovery pane, which were hosted at AMO either way. It’s only available on AMO and testpilot and is one of the reasons why you can’t run content scripts etc. on those pages.